Vulnerability Scan Result
| Title: | Maisa - Kirjautumissivu |
| Description: | No description found |
| ip_address | 213.214.134.209 |
| country | FI  |
| network_name | Fujitsu Invia Finland |
| asn | AS1342 |
80/tcp | http | F5 BIG-IP load balancer http proxy - |
443/tcp | https | F5 BIG-IP load balancer http proxy - |
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| core-js 3.36.1 | JavaScript libraries |
| Handlebars 4.7.8 | JavaScript frameworks |
| jQuery 3.6.1 | JavaScript libraries |
| Open Graph | Miscellaneous |
| React 16.13.1 | JavaScript frameworks |
| Webpack | Miscellaneous |
| Module Federation | Miscellaneous |
| HSTS | Security |
| Thawte | SSL/TLS certificate authorities |
Web Application Vulnerabilities
Evidence
| URL | Cookie Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| https://www.maisa.fi/maisa/Authentication/Login | TS01794ca8, TSc42a306f027 | The server responded with Set-Cookie header(s) that does not specify the HttpOnly flag: Set-Cookie: TS01794ca8=01f94ab84d2b28f0cf86d092788b9c13c98ad91975eeaf1ff603424b4a9d6c9451c24b8031e9f94cbf0fa5dbf9516768a52b2a583b Set-Cookie: TSc42a306f027=081dbd55d9ab2000f3d3cab3bd46b16d520f333f523d605507dcb084ce519f8023413d04706cdb35088c22ad2f113000d21a5e1c53f5560b1ee8eced1a14c817467c579257358988c661701cd4b7d814d1c5f87d8cf7238ae30be3112768f976 |
Vulnerability description
We found that a cookie has been set without the HttpOnly flag, which means it can be accessed by potentially malicious JavaScript code running inside the web page. The root cause for this usually revolves around misconfigurations in the code or server settings.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker who injects malicious JavaScript code on the page (e.g. by using an XSS attack) can access the cookie and can send it to another site. In case of a session cookie, this could lead to session hijacking.
Recommendation
Ensure that the HttpOnly flag is set for all cookies.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-1004 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| URL | Cookie Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| https://www.maisa.fi/maisa/Authentication/Login | TS01794ca8, TSc42a306f027 | Set-Cookie: TS01794ca8=01f94ab84d2b28f0cf86d092788b9c13c98ad91975eeaf1ff603424b4a9d6c9451c24b8031e9f94cbf0fa5dbf9516768a52b2a583b Set-Cookie: TSc42a306f027=081dbd55d9ab2000f3d3cab3bd46b16d520f333f523d605507dcb084ce519f8023413d04706cdb35088c22ad2f113000d21a5e1c53f5560b1ee8eced1a14c817467c579257358988c661701cd4b7d814d1c5f87d8cf7238ae30be3112768f976 |
Vulnerability description
We found that a cookie has been set without the Secure flag, which means the browser will send it over an unencrypted channel (plain HTTP) if such a request is made. The root cause for this usually revolves around misconfigurations in the code or server settings.
Risk description
The risk exists that an attacker will intercept the clear-text communication between the browser and the server and he will steal the cookie of the user. If this is a session cookie, the attacker could gain unauthorized access to the victim's web session.
Recommendation
Whenever a cookie contains sensitive information or is a session token, then it should always be passed using an encrypted channel. Ensure that the secure flag is set for cookies containing such sensitive information.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-614 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| https://www.maisa.fi/maisa/Authentication/Login | Response headers include the HTTP Content-Security-Policy security header with the following security issues: |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the Content-Security-Policy (CSP) header configured for the web application includes unsafe directives. The CSP header activates a protection mechanism implemented in web browsers which prevents exploitation of Cross-Site Scripting vulnerabilities (XSS) by restricting the sources from which content can be loaded or executed.
Risk description
For example, if the unsafe-inline directive is present in the CSP header, the execution of inline scripts and event handlers is allowed. This can be exploited by an attacker to execute arbitrary JavaScript code in the context of the vulnerable application.
Recommendation
Remove the unsafe values from the directives, adopt nonces or hashes for safer inclusion of inline scripts if they are needed, and explicitly define the sources from which scripts, styles, images or other resources can be loaded.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-1021 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| core-js 3.36.1 | JavaScript libraries |
| Handlebars 4.7.8 | JavaScript frameworks |
| jQuery 3.6.1 | JavaScript libraries |
| Open Graph | Miscellaneous |
| React 16.13.1 | JavaScript frameworks |
| Webpack | Miscellaneous |
| Module Federation | Miscellaneous |
| HSTS | Security |
| Thawte | SSL/TLS certificate authorities |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-200 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Vulnerability description
We have noticed that the server is missing the security.txt file, which is considered a good practice for web security. It provides a standardized way for security researchers and the public to report security vulnerabilities or concerns by outlining the preferred method of contact and reporting procedures.
Risk description
There is no particular risk in not having a security.txt file for your server. However, this file is important because it offers a designated channel for reporting vulnerabilities and security issues.
Recommendation
We recommend you to implement the security.txt file according to the standard, in order to allow researchers or users report any security issues they find, improving the defensive mechanisms of your server.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-1188 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Infrastructure Vulnerabilities
Evidence
| Domain Queried | DNS Record Type | Description | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| www.maisa.fi | A | IPv4 address | 213.214.134.209 |
Risk description
An initial step for an attacker aiming to learn about an organization involves conducting searches on its domain names to uncover DNS records associated with the organization. This strategy aims to amass comprehensive insights into the target domain, enabling the attacker to outline the organization's external digital landscape. This gathered intelligence may subsequently serve as a foundation for launching attacks, including those based on social engineering techniques. DNS records pointing to services or servers that are no longer in use can provide an attacker with an easy entry point into the network.
Recommendation
We recommend reviewing all DNS records associated with the domain and identifying and removing unused or obsolete records.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| F5 BigIP | Reverse proxies |
| React 16.13.1 | JavaScript frameworks |
| Handlebars 4.7.8 | JavaScript frameworks |
| jQuery 3.6.1 | JavaScript libraries |
| core-js 3.36.1 | JavaScript libraries |
| HSTS | Security |
| Thawte | SSL/TLS certificate authorities |
| Webpack | Miscellaneous |
| Open Graph | Miscellaneous |
| Module Federation | Miscellaneous |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.